June 18th, 2007
How to fully de-gunk a PC of Crapware
Autoruns, the ultimate startup cleaner
[Second UPDATE 6/22/2007 - It appears that some people may be having problems even with legitimate software. After checking with master programmer and Technical Fellow Mark Russinovich of Microsoft (formerly SysInternals), it appears that some people might be running device drivers that haven't gone through WHQL (Windows Hardware Quality Laboratories) which meant that Autoruns will not hide it from the user. If those unsigned drivers get disabled by the user, Windows may get a BSOD (Blue Screen Of Death) or have certain devices like keyboards fail on startup. Ideally users should never trust unsigned drivers but it's an unfortunate reality that we have to deal with sometimes. So in the event that you disable everything unsigned (unauthorized) by Microsoft and you have the misfortune of not being able to boot Windows, you will need to go in to Windows using the F8 during startup with either the "Last Known Good" or safe mode. Last known good should put your computer back the way it's suppose to be but if that fails, you'll need to go in with safe mode and re-enable everything in the "Drivers" tab of Autoruns. If you want to play it safe, you can leave everything in the "Drivers" tab enabled but ideally you shouldn't need anything checked that isn't authorized and signed by Microsoft. Russinovich also did a webcast last year where he uses a combination of Autoruns and Process Explorer for "Advanced Malware cleaning" and I highly recommend it.]
[UPDATE 2:00PM - A few people are complaining that Autoruns broke some device drivers such as the Keyboard or caused BSOD (Blue Screen Of Death). This should never happen with a healthy PC but in the event you find yourself locked out of Windows due to one of these problems, tap the F8 key as soon as Windows starts booting up and use the "Last Known Good" boot option. That will undo the registry changes made by Autoruns and put your computer in the state it was previously in. If you are uncomfortable with this recovery procedure or you're not sure how to execute it, stop reading at this point and do not attempt this procedure because you won't be able to repair your computer if anything bad happens.
Now any properly designed device driver should never rely on anything that Autoruns can disable and they should never stop functioning (especially the Keyboard) just because Autoruns disabled the extra startups. If you find some devices need some of the startup settings, Autoruns will allow you to enable individual components. If your computer crashes because you stripped out all of the unofficial non-signed Microsoft startup entries, that could be an indicator of a deeper problem with your computer and could be a sign of malicious tampering. If a piece of Malware modifies a legitimate file to piggy back on it, that will invalidate the Microsoft digital signature and Autoruns will treat it as an unofficial un-signed entry. Then by disabling that tampered entry, Windows may crash on startup. If you find that using Autoruns to disable all non-signed Microsoft entries causes your computer to crash, it might be a good time to do a wipe and reload of Windows since there is possibility of Malicious tampering.]
Autoruns is a startup cleaner utility that is similar to the MSCONFIG utility but it is far more comprehensive and accurate. MSCONFIG only shows you startup and services and it doesn’t check digital signatures which means anything can hide from it. With Autoruns, nothing can hide and there’s no need to use MSCONFIG at all.
After you have downloaded Autoruns from the official Microsoft website, you’ll need to unzip it. You do not need to install anything, just extract the content anywhere on your computer. Windows XP and Vista have built-in ZIP support you can just right-click on the file and hit extract. Windows 2000 users will need to download a FREE utility like IZArc which also comes in handy for Windows XP or Vista because it supports a wide range of compressed files. Once extract the files to a folder, simply double click on the file named autoruns.exe. Vista users will have to elevate UAC privileges when running this application.
Once opened, you’ll see the following application and you’ll need to enable “Verify Code Signatures” and “Hide Signed Microsoft Entries”. DO NOT SKIP THIS STEP!
After checking these two items, hit the F5 key to refresh the scan.
The beauty of Autoruns is that it can verify the authenticity of everything being loaded in to Windows through rigorous cryptographic signatures so that it can’t be fooled by registry entries masquerading as something legitimate and it will recognize files that have been tampered with. By hiding all of the verified Microsoft entries, we can single out every piece of software that was added to our computer that isn’t officially from Microsoft. Autoruns is effectively our spotlight that highlights all the potential Crapware on your computer and it makes it easy for us to disable anything we don’t want.
Take the following screenshot for example.
This is a list of stuff that popped up which wasn’t signed as Microsoft code. Some of it may have been legitimate Microsoft code but I don’t need any of this stuff to make Windows run. Even the Adobe stuff is unnecessary and my Acrobat reader works fine without all this extra stuff. We can safely uncheck all of these entries and everything will work just fine. In the unlikely event that any of this stuff was actually needed for a critical application, we can always come back and re-enable certain parts bit by bit. These changes are non-destructive and there are no risky registry changes that need to be made.
[Update 6/22/2007 - In case anyone misunderstands what I mean by "non-destructive" changes, that means you can UNDO the changes by re-checking the items you disabled. Destructive changes to a computer are those that can't be undone. That does not mean making changes with Autoruns will never cause any issues; it just means you can undo the changes if you boot up Windows in Safe mode. To be safe, you can leave everything in the "Drivers" tab enabled just in case if you have drivers that weren't WHQL (Windows Hardware Qualification Labs) that were not hidden. Once again I'll remind the reader that if you do not understand what I'm talking about here, DO NOT use Autoruns. You need to know how to troubleshoot a computer in case anything goes wrong and your computer doesn't boot up.]
Whenever I’m troubleshooting a computer, I’ll disable everything in that list and chances are a lot of strange issues will disappear. I generally like to keep everything unchecked. You might want to leave the antivirus stuff checked but I generally consider that one of the worst forms of Crapware though it may be a necessary evil for most people especially prior to Windows Vista.
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George Ou is Technical Director of ZDNet. See his full profile and disclosure of his industry affiliations.
